In the pathology of ALS, as the disease progresses, the astrocytes and microglia transform from neuroprotective (M2) to neurotoxic (M1), humoral antibodies are deposited, and activated T cells accumulate, as do “AbA cells”, aberrant astrocytes in SOD1 mutant rats [60]. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.