In this study we performed a re-examination of the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study cardiovascular cohort (MDC-CC) 17 years after the baseline examination (MDC-CC-re-exam), and tested the hypothesis that a high baseline plasma level of cystatin C was associated with the development of the MetS and diabetes during long-term follow-up. Here, CST3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.