The top enriched KEGG pathways included TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, and staphylococcus aureus infection (Fig. 6C), indicating that these pathways may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.