IAPP and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pancreatic islet amyloidosis by the neuropancreatic hormone, human islet amyloid polypeptide (h-IAPP, also known as amylin) contributes to β-cell death, progression of T2D, islet transplant failure, as well as cardiovascular complications (Figure 1) (Potter et al., 2010; Ashcroft and Rorsman, 2012; Westermark et al., 2008; Despa et al., 2012; Abedini and Schmidt, 2013; Cao et al., 2013a).