TLR4 and peripheral nerve lesion: This is now supported by significantly upregulated MSRV-env mRNA transcription in PBMC, by MSRV-Env protein detection in CIDP peripheral nerve lesions with dominant expression in Schwan cells and, with evidence of its target receptor TLR4 on HSC, by direct pro-inflammatory effects of MSRV-Env iducing IL6 and CXCL10 release from HSC.