It therefore appears that an autoimmune reaction in CIDP may result from a TLR4-driven activation of innate immunity by MSRV-Env protein in immune and neuroglial cell types with potential downstream superantigen-like effects when T-cells are recruited and exposed to MSRV-Env (Perron et al., 2001). Here, TLR4 is linked to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.