AR and melanoma: Several laboratories have reported that filamin A can be cleaved into at least two fragments in prostate cancer cells, HeLa cells and melanoma cells [13–15, 30, 41], and that the cleaved small fragment (100 kD) can translocate to the nucleus, and directly interact with the AR, thereby modulating nuclear translocation and transcriptional action of AR in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells [13–15].