However to date, the impact of targeted therapy in melanoma has been limited by the rapid and almost inevitable onset of therapeutic resistance via many different molecular mechanisms [4], the paucity of actionable mutations identified in NRAS mutant and BRAF/NRAS wild-type melanomas [5, 6], and the considerable inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of the disease [7]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.