NTRK1 and carcinoma: HA oligomer treated tumor cells show disassembly of CD44-transporter and receptor tyrosine kinase (TRK) complexes, internalization of these disassembled components, and weakening of their function [96, 97]. In vivo treatments which inject small HA oligomers, but not the large polymers, induce tumor regression in many human xenograft experiments with various cancer types such as melanoma, carcinoma, glioma, osteosarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors [98].