OGG1 and depressive symptom measurement: Specifically, these genes have been associated directly or indirectly with telomere dysfunction (STMN1, P16ink4a), oxidative stress (OGG1), and aging (OGG1) while others (FOS, DUSP1) were linked to the stress-related p38MAPK pathway, although they are not specific to depression and may be found in normal aging or anxiety disorders (186).