Importantly, an altered expression and/or dysfunction of the CaSR, as observed in CNS diseases like AD and ischemia/hypoxia/stroke, also deeply affects CaSR-dependent neurophysiological processes (Figure 2) (Chattopadhyay et al., 1999; Vizard et al., 2008; Bandyopadhyay et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2010; Armato et al., 2012, 2013a; Ruat and Traiffort, 2013; Kim et al., 2014; Dal Prà et al., 2014a,b, 2015a; Bai et al., 2015; Noh et al., 2015; Tharmalingam et al., 2016). The gene discussed is CASR; the disease is Alzheimer disease.