In AMD, these defects arise from from identified defects in CFH (Boon et al., 2009), ARMS2 (Fritsche et al., 2008; Friedrich et al., 2011), HTRA1 (Dewan et al., 2006), oxidative stress (Kunchithapautham et al., 2014) and inflammation (Ozaki et al., 2014) that ultimately result in pathologies manifesting from the molecular levels to tissue levels. The gene discussed is ARMS2; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.