Therefore, we conducted a propensity-score matched case-control study to investigate the association of Th17-related cytokines, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22 and IL-6, along with IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-9, and IL-4, with the risk of AF. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is atrial fibrillation.