demonstrated that the effect of U50,488H on the [Ca2+]i transient in the isolated cardiomyocytes was significantly attenuated due to right ventricular hypertrophy induced by chronic hypoxia.281 The authors established that κ OR signaling was impaired in the hypertrophied cardiomyocytes due to a defect in the coupling between κ OR and PKC. The gene discussed is OPRK1; the disease is Right ventricular hypertrophy.