Th1 proinflammatory cytokines are interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; Th2 anti-inflammatory cytokines are IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β.4 Th1 immunity is important in antitumor activity and Th2 immunity is dominant in advanced carcinomas because the Th1/Th2 ratio is important for an antitumor effect. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and carcinoma.