In clinical practice, the application of more predictive, tissue-based markers could be meaningfully combined with other high-risk parameters such as positive extracapsular or seminal vesicle invasion, advanced tumor stages (> T2c, T3 or T4), high Gleason grades (> 8), or high to very high PSA level (> 20 ng/ml); and would be further supported by advanced imaging technologies such as MRI. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is neoplasm.