TNF and cancer: IFN-γ and IL-10 polarize macrophages toward a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype, respectively, and IL-6 and TNF-α have been associated with poor prognosis in many cancers.23 In addition, IL-6 has known effects on macrophage polarization,24, 25 and we were interested whether it would still have an effect within the tumor microenvironment.