EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For example, the identification of the activating mutation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) as a predictive feature for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) led to the establishment of TKIs as the first-line treatment for EGFR-positive NSCLC [6–11].Additionally, the description of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement supported the development of TKIs against ALK, which are currently the first-line therapy for patients with ALK translocation [12].