During ischemia, inflammatory cells like macrophages may migrate into the ischemic myocardium and produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including TNFα, interleukin 6 (IL6), IL-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), which further exacerbate myocardial I/R injury [40]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and ischemia.