Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of lycopene on severe AP in both in vivo and in vitro models by Lv et al. [31] revealed alleviation of pathological changes by lycopene pretreatment including protection against necrosis and apoptosis in acinar cells which was maintained by relieving the mitochondrial and endoplasmic stress, decreased levels of TNF-α, serum amylase, C-reactive protein, MDA and lipid peroxidation, and also heightened SOD state. Here, TNF is linked to alkaline phosphatase measurement.