Further, it reduced the nucleic acids, lipid peroxide, cancer marker proteins and the activities of pathophysiological liver markers and increased the antioxidant activities in DEN-induced rats, and 1,3-BPMU also stimulates apoptosis via upregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 with downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL gene expression. Here, CASP9 is linked to cancer.