GCG and Alzheimer disease: Of note, AA is known to facilitate a pro-inflammatory state in the brain;86 GLP-1 analogs, on the other hand, possess both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.58, 87, 88 GLP-1R stimulation has demonstrated positive effects in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease as well as Parkinson's disease (a degenerative disorder of dopaminergic neurons).88, 89, 90 Furthermore, psychostimulants themselves enhance AA levels and may exacerbate oxidative stress in the brain,55, 56, 57, 85 possibly increasing the levels of harmful AA metabolites.