Moreover, mutations in human HNF4A are associated with chronic intestinal inflammation, irritable bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease, suggesting that these functions are conserved through evolution (UK IBD Genetics Consortium et al., 2009; Marcil et al., 2012; van Sommeren et al., 2011). The gene discussed is HNF4A; the disease is ulcerative colitis.