LPA and atherosclerosis: The only study to report the use of an isoform independent Lp(a) assay (CHOICE [53]) similarly reported that high Lp(a) levels (≥52.5 nmol/L) predicted a 30 % to 40 % increased risk of elevated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in dialysis patients, but that the association of ASCVD with low molecular weight LMW isoforms (increased risk of 60 % to 90 %) was stronger than the association with high Lp(a) concentration.