The protein expression of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), cleaved-caspase 7 (c-caspase 7), and cleaved-caspase 3 (c-caspase 3), which are biomarkers of apoptosis26, were all remarkably increased after treatment with LCA in NSCLC cells, while not in HELF cells (Fig. 2B). This evidence concerns the gene CASP7 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.