Since their initial identification, Translin and Trax have been implicated in a wide range of nucleic acid processing pathways, including tRNA maturation and mRNA regulation both in spermatogenesis and neuronal dynamics, with mutations in the Translin binding site of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) mRNA resulting in memory deficits and psychiatric disorders [18,28,29]. The gene discussed is TSN; the disease is psychiatric disorder.