A variety of cytokines (CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL10, IL-1α, IL-9, IL-13, GM-CSF, MCP-1, and TNF-α) that promote liver inflammation and fibrosis, or are upregulated in NASH patients38, 39, 40, 41, were measured in plasma of 10-week HFD fed WT, Pemt−/− and Tgh−/−/Pemt−/− mice. Here, IL1A is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.