SMAD3 and ulcer disease: The role of Smad3 in wound healing remains controversial: accelerated re-epithelialisation has been observed in Smad3 knockout mice, which is accompanied with reduced inflammatory response [160, 161]; however, Sumiyoshi et al. showed that subcutaneous injection of Smad-3-expressing adenovirus enhanced re-epithelialization in a rabbit ulcer model [162].