In the submucosa, we reported a further increase of neutrophils and macrophages (CD68+) in comparison with control smokers [15, 17, 18] and decreased numbers of T lymphocytes (CD3+ cells) and of CD3+ cells co-expressing the CCR5 receptor (CCR5+CD3+ cells) in comparison with both mild/moderate COPD patients and control smokers [28]. The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.