CCL5 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Interestingly, our analysis of pro-neutrophilic chemokines showed higher levels of CCL5 (RANTES) in epithelium and increased numbers of CCL5+ and CXCL7+ (NAP-2) cells in the submucosa of severe stable COPD patients when compared with control nonsmokers [15, 17, 18].