The cellular effects of the ISX-E2F1 axis on apoptotic and autophagy activities were further investigated in hepatoma cells (Huh 7) with forced expression of ISX and E2F1. Huh 7 cells with forced expression of ISX alone or coexpression of ISX and E2F1 showed significant reductions (16% and 65%, respectively) in apoptotic cells compared with those in the Huh 7 cells transfected with only the vector after treatment with tamoxifen (30 μM) for 8 h (Figure 4A and 4B). Here, E2F1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.