In order to assess the effect of monomeric gremlinC141A on tumor angiogenesis, murine VEGF-dependent breast cancer EO771 cells [32, 33] were stably transfected with gremlinWT or gremlinC141A cDNAs and injected orthotopically in syngeneic C57BL/6 female mice. Here, VEGFA is linked to breast carcinoma.