Epidemiological studies have suggested that the serum IL-27 levels were elevated in patients with multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, Behcet’s disease, and visceral leishmaniasis but were attenuated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus disease32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37. Here, IL27 is linked to visceral leishmaniasis.