INS and diabetes mellitus: 2005; Katayama et al. 2009; Wu et al. 2010; Pagano et al. 2014). Links between HN, diabetes, and diabetes progression have so far been indirect and based on the effects of HN or one of its more potent analogs in cultured cells or animal models. Central infusion of HN or peripherally adding the humanin analog, HN‐GF6A, improved insulin sensitivity and lowered blood glucose levels (BGL) in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, (Muzumdar et al. 2009). HN also improved glucose tolerance and onset of diabetes in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model (Hoang et al. 2010).