ATRX and thalassemia: Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators are the cause of many neurodevelopmental disorders, thereby highlighting the importance of chromatin remodeling to progenitor cell growth, competency, cell fate, and differentiation capacity.1 In this regard, mutations in the human ATRX gene cause α-thalassemia mental retardation X-linked (ATRX; OMIM no. 301040) syndrome, a severe intellectual disability disorder commonly associated with urogenital abnormalities, facial dysmorphism, and α-thalassemia.2, 3