Consequently, we identified lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as a gene that was expressed at higher levels in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium (EEC) than in normal endometria, as well as a step-wise increasing gene along with the progression of the disease from normal endometria, through endometrial hyperplasia, and to carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and carcinoma.