RALA and infection: Their amounts after infection by integration-competent HIV-1 env−gfp+ virus (WT virus in absence of RAL) presented the same modulation profile by TNF-α and PDTC treatments as after infection by HIV-1 env−gfp+ D116N virus (Fig. 3D), reinforcing the interest of D116N viral model whose expression seems to reflect the regulation of integration-competent HIV-1 uDNA expression.