Indeed, HIV-1 expression from uDNA after infection by the HIV-1 env−gfp+ D116N virus is strongly stimulated by treatments inhibiting NF-κB activation (PDTC and DSFM treatment conditions) while it is diminished by treatments stimulating NF-κB activation (TNF-α, PRO and PHA treatment conditions) (Fig. 3A). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.