INS and Insulin resistance: The concentration of uric acid in the pGDM group was significantly higher but remained within the normal range (234.9 vs 208.2 μmol/L in the pGDM and control subgroups, respectively (Table 2)), and nearly identical anthropometric and laboratory insulin resistance parameters (i.e., fasting glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids, and HbA1c) were observed.