HNF4A and colitis: Even though both promoters are expressed in adult intestines (Tanaka et al., 2006; Nakhei et al., 1998; Briançon and Weiss, 2006) and HNF4α has been implicated in human colon cancer (Chellappa et al., 2012; Tanaka et al., 2006; Oshima et al., 2007; Cancer Genome Atlas Network, 2012; Zhang et al., 2014) and colitis (Ahn et al., 2008; Barrett et al., 2009; Fang et al., 2011), the distribution and function of the different HNF4α isoforms in the colon have not been investigated until now (results summarized in Figure 7E).