MAPK3 and neoplasm: Over-expression of Gal1 in different tumor types and/or their associated stroma promotes tumor progression through multiple mechanisms including inhibition of efficient anti-tumor immune response [1, 4], augmentation of Ras activation [5], stimulation of tumor angiogenesis [6, 7], and activation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and COX-2 signaling pathways [8].