Given the importance of T cell mediated immunity to malaria and that T cell response to malaria antigens correlates poorly with humoral immune responses [19, 22], this study investigated the effects of CTX prophylaxis on the magnitude of P. falciparum antigen specific CD4+ T cells in HEU children during and after prophylaxis, and compared with aged-matched HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children. Here, CD4 is linked to malaria.