However, when comparing the inferred VEGFA gene haplotypes in the group of cases versus smoker controls, we found that the haplotype TTTATATCACG that appeared in our population with a frequency of 1.24%, was associated with a diminished COPD susceptibility (OR = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.00–0.66; p = 0.03) after correcting for age, gender and pack-year (Table 4). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.