have recently highlighted how other ALS-associated genetic alterations may impact on different steps of autophagy, for example, vesicle nucleation (SOD1), autophagosome trafficking (DCTN [dynactin], DYNC1H1 [dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain1], SOD1) and phagophore-lysosome fusion (VCP [valosin containing protein], CHMP2B [charged multivesicular body protein 2B]).31 The gene discussed is VCP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.