ESR1 and Familial prostate cancer: ESR1 may also be involved in age-dependent increase in cancer incidence as age-dependent methylation has been detected in colon mucosa (Issa et al., 1994), cardiovascular system (Post, Goldschmidt-Clermont, Wilhide, Heldman, & Sussman, 1999), ulcerative colitis (Issa, Ahuja, Toyota, Bronner, & Brentnall, 2001), and prostate cancer.