Our genes of interest include maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), paternally expressed gene 1/mesoderm specific transcript (PEG1/MEST), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), H19, growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10), neuronatin (NNAT), necdin (NDN), small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN), epsilon sarcoglycan (SGCE)/paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10), paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3), and pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1). These imprinted genes are growth effectors, important in early embryonic and fetal growth and/or regulation of tumor growth. Here, PLAGL1 is linked to neoplasm.