Although previous studies showed that increased PD-1 expression on T cells and monocyte PD-L1 expression were associated with increased occurrence of mortality and nosocomial infections [24, 25], we observed that there were no differences in PD-1 expression on T cells between septic patients and septic shock patients, and also that it was not independently associated with 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is septic shock.