To study the effect of IL-25 on cell survival in vitro, we used a human astrocytoma cell line (CCF) [25], a human glial (oligodendrocytic) hybrid cell line (MO3.13) [26], an immortalized murine BV-2 cell line [27], and primary cortical neuronal cells as previously described [3]. The gene discussed is IL25; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).