Several genetically modified animal models, with either tubule epithelial cell-specific or systemic deficiency of genes involved in the autophagic pathway such as atg5, atg7, LC3 knockout, beclin1 heterozygous mutant mice or the transgenic animal expressing GFP-LC3-RFP autophagic flux reporter have provided valuable tools to gain insights into how autophagy is involved in various kidney diseases and AKI [89]. Here, MAP1LC3A is linked to acute kidney injury.