In humans, several mutations affecting the GATA1 gene have been described, which lead to a broad spectrum of defects, including X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT), X-linked thrombocytopenia with thalassemia (XLTT) and transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) [19, 20]. This evidence concerns the gene GATA1 and transient myeloproliferative syndrome.