INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Several clinical trials with the recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra [7], humanized IL-1β-specific antibodies XOMA 052 [10], canakinumab [15], and LY2189102 [9], and a vaccine comprising full-length IL-1β protein coupled to Qβ-VLP [16] demonstrated that IL-1β blockade exerts beneficial effects on T2DM by improving glycemic control and enhancing insulin secretion and sensitivity in T2DM patients.