Consistent with the MCF10A and MCF12A cells, exogenous overexpression of 14-3-3ζ in the MCF10DCIS.COM cells (DCIS.COM.ζ) led to activation of the ERK/CREB pathway and LDHA upregulation in vivo; whereas 14-3-3ζ knockdown in MCF10DCIS.COM led to decreased ERK/CREB activity and LDHA downregulation (Supplementary Figure S5 and S6). Here, CREB1 is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.