GDNF and Parkinson disease: Previous reports showed that injection of single high doses of GDNF 1 or 3 months after the toxic insult induced upregulation of TH expression and promoted the motor ability of PD models obviously.22, 23 Our findings provided additional evidence that single doses of GDNF 2 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion rescued the damaged DA neurons and improved the motor ability of PD rats.